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Chapter 985 Dark Ages
Chapter 985 Dark Ages
As Troy on the sixth floor was destroyed by the earthquake, the land was silent for a short period of time, and then a group of residents from the Asia Minor peninsula came to the ruins and began to build their own city.
This is the seventh layer of the current Troy ruins, which existed from 7 BC to 1275 BC, and belonged to the era of Troy recorded in history and "Homer's Epic".
Unlike the previous situation where each layer was at the same stage, the ruins on this layer can be divided into two stages, A and B. A belongs to the period of the Trojan War, and was created by people who belong to the same cultural system as the subsequent stage B.
The famous war that broke out due to the peerless beauty Helen broke out in this important era, and a large number of traces of the war can also be found in the ruins of the A stage.
As for the ruins reconstructed in stage B, they are obviously much smaller than those in stage A, and they are no longer as rich as before, and this is also consistent with the record of the rebuilding of their homes by the Trojan remnants in the epic.
At the same time, unlike the previous Bronze Age, this era has entered the late Bronze Age, and some ironware began to be put into use sporadically.
This is especially true for Troy, which is closely related to Hittite, the kingdom that first used ironware. Although the excavated ancient ironware has been corroded to such an extent that it is impossible to tell what it was, it can be proved that there are ironware.
In addition, Liang En and the others also determined that the city in stage B did not last long. In just a few decades, this group of people gave up the city, and their civilization disappeared from then on.
"Is this the group of Greeks coming back again?" After looking at the conclusions that everyone got that day, a professor from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland looked at the current report with doubts on his face.
"Of course not. The destruction of this city is very likely related to the famous dark age in ancient Greece. Don't forget that the core of this city is international trade, and in that era—"
Liang En smiled and explained to the companion in front of him.And when he said the word "dark age", the professor in front of him immediately understood it.
"Yes, the Dark Ages. This is the Dark Ages. I actually forgot about it. If so, everything will make sense."
The dark age in Liang En’s mouth began in 1250 BC, when the Dorians from northern Greece began to migrate southward on a large scale.
For nearly 50 years, the Dorians advanced step by step, step by step, and adopted various methods to attack Greece. The Mycenaeans had to thicken their walls to resist the aggression.
For example, Liang En and the others discovered and excavated the ruins of the city of Mycenae before. There are obvious traces of strengthening the city, but the effect of doing so can only be said to be very general.
For example, Pylos is a powerful kingdom in the southwestern Messenia region of the Peloponnese Peninsula. During the Trojan War, the old hero Nestor led 90 warships to the battle, the number of which was only less than that of Agamemnon. 100 battleships.
But even such a powerful country could not resist the wave of Dorian invasion. According to the current archaeological data, Nestor Palace was destroyed by war around 1200 BC, and the remaining royal family fled to Athens by boat.
Perhaps because they are descendants of the Trojan heroes and also belong to the royal family, stories about their ancestors have always been passed down in their family.Therefore, modern people can know from the history books that Pisistratus, the later famous tyrant and reformer of Athens, was a descendant of the Pylos royal family.
That is to say, the Mycenaean country, which had just won the victory of the Trojan War not long ago, collapsed under the turbulent wave of Dorian invasion. Some Mycenaeans were destroyed, their cities were destroyed; .
After the Dorians destroyed the Mycenaean civilization, the ancient Greek world fell into a 400-year dark age (1200 BC to 800 BC).
The so-called Dark Ages refers to the fact that the Greek world during this period was different from the previous trading country Mycenae, almost isolated from the world, and other surrounding countries had no record of contact with the Greek world.
After 1100 BC, the cultural inheritance of the Mycenaean civilization disappeared completely. For example, some pottery paintings of ancient Greek pottery, such as the iconic patterns of the Mycenaean period, disappeared and were replaced by simple geometric patterns.
The remains of Greek cities discovered during this period are also significantly smaller than those of the Mycenaean civilization, and the population has also declined significantly. The linear script B used by the Mycenaean civilization was also abandoned.
However, this does not mean that the Dorians are a group of barbarians. The reason why they will destroy everything about the Mycenaeans is because they have their own buildings, their own customs, and their own costumes, and they do not need to learn Mycenaean culture at all.
Unlike the Mycenaeans, the iron weapons used by the invaders Dorians were much more advanced than those of the Bronze Age Mycenaeans. After the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization, iron weapons also began to spread in Greece.
The city palace style favored by the Mycenaeans was abolished by the Dorians. The Dorians preferred a rectangular central hall, just like the traditional Acropolis temples we see now. The Greek temples built by later generations basically follow this style to build.
In terms of writing, although the Dorians did not have their own writing, they would rather learn from the Phoenicians to form a new alphabet than use Mycenae's Linear B.
The new Greek alphabet retained all the Phoenician symbols, but marked the unused Phoenician consonants as Greek vowels.This new Greek alphabet is still in use today. .
However, not all Mycenaean civilizations were destroyed. Athens successfully repelled the Dorians, became a survivor of the Mycenaean catastrophe, and became the most economically developed and The area with the most active humanities and the most artistic creativity.
The victory of the Athenians came from the great alliance of Attica. In the face of the massive invasion of the Dorians, several cities around Athens on the Attica peninsula united around Athens to form a political and military alliance.
This alliance jointly supported Athens as the leader and recognized the king of Athens as the supreme leader in the Attica region. Although it was only an expedient measure, it also provided the basis for the integration of the entire region by the Athenians.
After the invasion of Athens was blocked, another group of Dorians sailed from the Peloponnese Peninsula to occupy Crete, and then went north to occupy Rhode Island and the southwest corner of Asia Minor.
But most of the Dorians still stayed on the Peloponnese Peninsula and began to live and establish a country. The most famous Sparta was the city-state established by the Dorians.
In other words, the various grievances and grievances between the Athenians and the Spartans lasted for a long time, so the battle between the two would run through the entire following Archaic Era, until Alexander ended it all.
The reason why "Homer's Epic" is famous is also related to this era, because this epic is the only cultural crystallization of the Dark Ages. According to the large number of Ionian dialects in the epic, it is inferred that the author should live in Ionia in Asia Minor area.
However, there is no evidence of Homer's existence, neither evidence of birth nor death, so many people think that Homer does not exist, and the epics that have been completed in the dark ages for 400 years are only in the name of Homer.
But in any case, this epic is an important reference material for the study of Mycenaean civilization. Liang En's archeology this time is also based on the epic, and in turn proves the authenticity of the epic records through archaeological materials.
"So as Greece entered the Dark Ages, this city that relied on trade naturally declined." Liang En concluded after a few brief explanations.
"Even because of the repeated invasions of the Sea Peoples and the Dorians, the city was completely abandoned. It wasn't until hundreds of years later that another group of Greeks from the Aegean islands resettled here."
(End of this chapter)
As Troy on the sixth floor was destroyed by the earthquake, the land was silent for a short period of time, and then a group of residents from the Asia Minor peninsula came to the ruins and began to build their own city.
This is the seventh layer of the current Troy ruins, which existed from 7 BC to 1275 BC, and belonged to the era of Troy recorded in history and "Homer's Epic".
Unlike the previous situation where each layer was at the same stage, the ruins on this layer can be divided into two stages, A and B. A belongs to the period of the Trojan War, and was created by people who belong to the same cultural system as the subsequent stage B.
The famous war that broke out due to the peerless beauty Helen broke out in this important era, and a large number of traces of the war can also be found in the ruins of the A stage.
As for the ruins reconstructed in stage B, they are obviously much smaller than those in stage A, and they are no longer as rich as before, and this is also consistent with the record of the rebuilding of their homes by the Trojan remnants in the epic.
At the same time, unlike the previous Bronze Age, this era has entered the late Bronze Age, and some ironware began to be put into use sporadically.
This is especially true for Troy, which is closely related to Hittite, the kingdom that first used ironware. Although the excavated ancient ironware has been corroded to such an extent that it is impossible to tell what it was, it can be proved that there are ironware.
In addition, Liang En and the others also determined that the city in stage B did not last long. In just a few decades, this group of people gave up the city, and their civilization disappeared from then on.
"Is this the group of Greeks coming back again?" After looking at the conclusions that everyone got that day, a professor from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland looked at the current report with doubts on his face.
"Of course not. The destruction of this city is very likely related to the famous dark age in ancient Greece. Don't forget that the core of this city is international trade, and in that era—"
Liang En smiled and explained to the companion in front of him.And when he said the word "dark age", the professor in front of him immediately understood it.
"Yes, the Dark Ages. This is the Dark Ages. I actually forgot about it. If so, everything will make sense."
The dark age in Liang En’s mouth began in 1250 BC, when the Dorians from northern Greece began to migrate southward on a large scale.
For nearly 50 years, the Dorians advanced step by step, step by step, and adopted various methods to attack Greece. The Mycenaeans had to thicken their walls to resist the aggression.
For example, Liang En and the others discovered and excavated the ruins of the city of Mycenae before. There are obvious traces of strengthening the city, but the effect of doing so can only be said to be very general.
For example, Pylos is a powerful kingdom in the southwestern Messenia region of the Peloponnese Peninsula. During the Trojan War, the old hero Nestor led 90 warships to the battle, the number of which was only less than that of Agamemnon. 100 battleships.
But even such a powerful country could not resist the wave of Dorian invasion. According to the current archaeological data, Nestor Palace was destroyed by war around 1200 BC, and the remaining royal family fled to Athens by boat.
Perhaps because they are descendants of the Trojan heroes and also belong to the royal family, stories about their ancestors have always been passed down in their family.Therefore, modern people can know from the history books that Pisistratus, the later famous tyrant and reformer of Athens, was a descendant of the Pylos royal family.
That is to say, the Mycenaean country, which had just won the victory of the Trojan War not long ago, collapsed under the turbulent wave of Dorian invasion. Some Mycenaeans were destroyed, their cities were destroyed; .
After the Dorians destroyed the Mycenaean civilization, the ancient Greek world fell into a 400-year dark age (1200 BC to 800 BC).
The so-called Dark Ages refers to the fact that the Greek world during this period was different from the previous trading country Mycenae, almost isolated from the world, and other surrounding countries had no record of contact with the Greek world.
After 1100 BC, the cultural inheritance of the Mycenaean civilization disappeared completely. For example, some pottery paintings of ancient Greek pottery, such as the iconic patterns of the Mycenaean period, disappeared and were replaced by simple geometric patterns.
The remains of Greek cities discovered during this period are also significantly smaller than those of the Mycenaean civilization, and the population has also declined significantly. The linear script B used by the Mycenaean civilization was also abandoned.
However, this does not mean that the Dorians are a group of barbarians. The reason why they will destroy everything about the Mycenaeans is because they have their own buildings, their own customs, and their own costumes, and they do not need to learn Mycenaean culture at all.
Unlike the Mycenaeans, the iron weapons used by the invaders Dorians were much more advanced than those of the Bronze Age Mycenaeans. After the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization, iron weapons also began to spread in Greece.
The city palace style favored by the Mycenaeans was abolished by the Dorians. The Dorians preferred a rectangular central hall, just like the traditional Acropolis temples we see now. The Greek temples built by later generations basically follow this style to build.
In terms of writing, although the Dorians did not have their own writing, they would rather learn from the Phoenicians to form a new alphabet than use Mycenae's Linear B.
The new Greek alphabet retained all the Phoenician symbols, but marked the unused Phoenician consonants as Greek vowels.This new Greek alphabet is still in use today. .
However, not all Mycenaean civilizations were destroyed. Athens successfully repelled the Dorians, became a survivor of the Mycenaean catastrophe, and became the most economically developed and The area with the most active humanities and the most artistic creativity.
The victory of the Athenians came from the great alliance of Attica. In the face of the massive invasion of the Dorians, several cities around Athens on the Attica peninsula united around Athens to form a political and military alliance.
This alliance jointly supported Athens as the leader and recognized the king of Athens as the supreme leader in the Attica region. Although it was only an expedient measure, it also provided the basis for the integration of the entire region by the Athenians.
After the invasion of Athens was blocked, another group of Dorians sailed from the Peloponnese Peninsula to occupy Crete, and then went north to occupy Rhode Island and the southwest corner of Asia Minor.
But most of the Dorians still stayed on the Peloponnese Peninsula and began to live and establish a country. The most famous Sparta was the city-state established by the Dorians.
In other words, the various grievances and grievances between the Athenians and the Spartans lasted for a long time, so the battle between the two would run through the entire following Archaic Era, until Alexander ended it all.
The reason why "Homer's Epic" is famous is also related to this era, because this epic is the only cultural crystallization of the Dark Ages. According to the large number of Ionian dialects in the epic, it is inferred that the author should live in Ionia in Asia Minor area.
However, there is no evidence of Homer's existence, neither evidence of birth nor death, so many people think that Homer does not exist, and the epics that have been completed in the dark ages for 400 years are only in the name of Homer.
But in any case, this epic is an important reference material for the study of Mycenaean civilization. Liang En's archeology this time is also based on the epic, and in turn proves the authenticity of the epic records through archaeological materials.
"So as Greece entered the Dark Ages, this city that relied on trade naturally declined." Liang En concluded after a few brief explanations.
"Even because of the repeated invasions of the Sea Peoples and the Dorians, the city was completely abandoned. It wasn't until hundreds of years later that another group of Greeks from the Aegean islands resettled here."
(End of this chapter)
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