Another world conquest manual

In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen proposed a very famous thought experiment.

Later generations used their initials to call it the EPR experiment.

This experiment refers to the "circular" state of two particles A and B that can be prepared, so that in this state the sum of a certain property of the two particles (such as the spin angular momentum of the electron and the polarization of the photon) is equal to zero, while a single This property of the particle is uncertain.

Such a pair of particles is called an "EPR pair" and belongs to the "entangled state" in quantum mechanics.

The purpose of the earliest EPR experiment was actually to support Einstein's own views, but the amazing thing is that in 1980, Aspect and others conducted an EPR experiment and determined that the EPR phenomenon turned out to be a real effect.

This is also the black spot that many black lovers tirelessly beat the corpse over and over again.

However, they completely ignored that if they only care about the results of quantum mechanical measurements, then the EPR correlation will not transmit information faster than the speed of light. This problem will only occur when the wave function is regarded as a physical reality.

The topic returns to the EPR phenomenon.

It is precisely because the EPR phenomenon has been proven to be true that there is an experimental basis for quantum teleportation.

As everyone knows.

The basic idea of ​​quantum teleportation is as follows:

Let the third particle C and B form an EPR pair, and C is very close to A and far away from B.

Let A and C interact and change the state of C, so the state of B also changes accordingly.

At this time, there are four possible states of the two particle sets A and C, corresponding to the four strings 00, 01, 10, and 11 respectively.

The state of B also has four possibilities. Each possibility is similar to the initial state of A (that is, the target state you want to transmit) to a certain extent, and can be changed into the target state through certain quantum mechanical operations. .

When A and C are measured as a whole, A and C randomly mutate to one of the four states of 00, 01, 10, and 11, and B also mutates to the corresponding state.

Now you have a two-bit string, 00, 01, 10 or 11, which you can interpret as a password.

Tell the person on B's side this password through classic communication means (such as telephone, optical cable), and operate B according to the password, and you will get the initial state of A.

The particles in this experiment are photons, and the entire experiment is the concept of quantum teleportation.

It's not complicated and easy to understand.

When talking about quantum teleportation, there is a misunderstanding.

That is, many people regard quantum teleportation as instantaneous transmission, which can be transmitted to infinite distances without taking any time.

Then he shouted that this overturned the theory of relativity, that Einstein was a jerk, and that he was good at civilian science!

Some people think that with this trick, the speed of information transmission can exceed the speed of light. We can chat with Diga from the Kingdom of Light in real time about how much salt should be added to make big bone soup.

This is completely wrong.

It is indeed possible to make the state of each particle mutate by measuring it without spending time, but this step alone cannot obtain the target state.

In order to know what operations to do on B to get the target state, the two-bit string must be passed over, which requires classic communication.

Classical communication cannot exceed the speed of light, so quantum teleportation cannot exceed the speed of light.

Therefore it does not violate the theory of relativity, and Einstein is still the same yyds.

The current quantum teleportation in the local world was realized in 1997, when Pan Jianwei was a doctoral student in Professor Salinger's group at the University of Innsbruck, Austria.

They published an article titled "Experimental Quantum Teleportation" (you can search for "Experimental quantum teleportation") in "Nature", and Pan Jianwei is the second author.

This article was later selected as "21 Classic Papers in Physics in a Century" by Nature magazine.

It is juxtaposed with Röntgen's discovery of X-rays, Einstein's establishment of the theory of relativity, Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, etc. This lineup is terrifyingly powerful.

The importance of this article in related fields is almost similar to the contribution of the Battle of Angler to World War II.

If you are a student who pays more attention to scientific research information, you should remember this news from 2015:

The Pan Jianwei project team of the University of Science and Technology of China has achieved a major breakthrough in quantum instantaneous transmission technology.

This achievement was later ranked first among the top ten breakthroughs in physics in 2015 by the British Physical Society, and ranked first among the top ten scientific advances in China in 2015 by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology.

That's right, it's also Pan Shuai. (He was also Benpoujie’s mentor, although I later switched to high-energy physics)

In 1997, Pan Jianwei realized quantum teleportation with a single degree of freedom of a single photon. In 2015, he realized quantum teleportation with multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon.

So those who say that China's official physics has no talents are really stupid and dark.

The sight returns to quantum teleportation.

There is a saying in the Chinese "Laozi", which is called "Tao gives birth to one, one gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives birth to all things."

Nowadays, local quantum teleportation can be said to have realized that Tao generates one and one life, two, two generates three, but it is still very, very far away from the three generating all things.

Because this ‘all things’ are really too big.

12 grams of carbon atoms is 1 mole, or 6.023*10^23.

If a person weighs 60 kilograms, there are approximately 5,000 moles of atoms, which is 3*10^27.

To describe the state of an atom, let's calculate it in terms of ten degrees of freedom.

So to describe a person, you need 10^28 degrees of freedom - few students who don't understand the concept of degrees of freedom can change this word into money.

However, the most difficult thing about something is to take the first step. Now that the scientific research field has completed the most difficult problem of Dao Shengyi, all that is left is to study it wholeheartedly.

According to normal circumstances.

It will take about 2-300 years for humans to achieve 100-kilometer-level space transmission, and planetary-level space transmission may take 5-800 years.

But now that the teleportation array appears in the Great Mo Realm, it is very likely that the rabbits will make a breakthrough in this regard in advance!

Therefore, regarding this attempt to teleport the formation, the base camp also showed great importance after learning that the headquarters would transport the equipment through the convoy.

Not only the most sophisticated long-range optical particle receiver in South China was dispatched, but also the super digital computer "Zhou Bi" was urgently dispatched.

According to the arrangements of the headquarters.

The main measurement tasks of Zeng Gucheng’s team this time are as follows:

First, by entangling the original pair of entangled particles, a photon of an unknown state is measured with the photon of the sender outside the transmission array.

The superposition state of the receiving photon collapses to reveal a state opposite to the sender's quantum degrees of freedom, i.e., a joint measurement is made.

Normally, joint measurement results need to be sent through traditional channels. ,

However, considering that there is absolutely no chance to lay optical cables around the transmission array, the physics team will use remote single photon sources for information exchange this time.

To explain it in the most understandable terms:

The testers carried a high-precision entanglement source and used the six-photon entangled state to locate two points in the transmission array. At the same time, they took the opportunity of transporting cargo to place another Bell state observation ring in the array through distribution.

Then, with the assistance of off-site equipment, confirm whether the teleportation array operates through the principle of quantum teleportation or quantum-like teleportation.

If not, then relevant research would be very difficult.

As mentioned before, 'Tao generates oneness' is the most difficult step. No matter what kind of Tao it is or what it is born from, it will be very difficult.

But if it can be confirmed that the driving method of the Great Mo Realm teleportation array is related to quantum teleportation.

Don't forget, Zeng Gucheng and the others measured it from the beginning.

The GZK limit value of the Great Mo Realm is consistent with the universe where the earth is located, which means that the speed of light is the same.

Then the next research will be much easier.

Although it may still take a long, long time and you may encounter many, many problems.

But at least it's not taking a road that has never been traveled before, and there is no need to open a road from the wasteland.

Perhaps out of some unknown expectation, this mission of collecting teleportation array information was named by the core layer:

Nine chapters!

In fact, this is an experiment I thought about when I was studying for my PhD. I forgot what book I was reading at that time. Anyway, it was a fairy tale novel. After seeing the teleportation array, I wanted to use scientific methods to analyze it.

Now it can be regarded as a dream.

As to whether the person after particle reorganization is still the original person falls into the category of philosophy, we will not discuss it here.

As we all know, that’s it for now, the rest of the plot is very easy to understand.