Imperial Master of the Ming Dynasty

If you want people to move to the next social stage, you have to explain the pros and cons clearly.

"In fact, in essence, in order to pursue the maximization of interest spreads, the handicraft factory owner class will not invest in all industries. In other words, not only many low-interest spread industries cannot form a monopoly, but even high-interest spread industries cannot form a monopoly. It’s not easy to form a monopoly.”

Jiang Xinghuo's words immediately aroused the curiosity of several people.

"Why?"

Old man Zhuo was very curious. If the reason why a low spread industry cannot form a monopoly is because there is little profit, or because the industry is widely distributed, he can understand all of this.

But in industries with high interest rate differentials, it stands to reason that for the sake of huge profits, without the intervention of the imperial court, the owners of handicraft workshops will definitely try to form a monopoly at all costs, even including all kinds of dirty tricks.

After all, human nature is greedy. Even babies will fight for a mouthful of maternal nutrition solution, let alone adults who face huge benefits?

"There are two situations of high interest rate spreads. The first is high interest rate spreads caused by exclusive technologies with high technical thresholds, and the second is high interest rate spreads caused by new trends with low technical thresholds."

Jiang Xinghuo explained: "The first type is very easy to form a monopoly. I am referring to the second type here. Under the economic laws, it is regulated by the invisible hand of the market. Due to the low technical threshold and sufficient competition, even high-end The interest rate spread makes it difficult to form a monopoly."

Jiang Xinghuo did not explain it to them with examples, but wrote a formula full of beauty.

[Raw material cost * (1 + interest rate)] + [Manual class labor coefficient * wage rate] = commodity price

“The price of a commodity consists of two parts. One part is the consumption (cost of raw materials) and surplus (the interest rate difference after deducting the next period’s input) of the manual workshop owner class, and the other part is the consumption (labor) and surplus (wage) of the manual class. )."

"That is to say, the part on the left is the income of the handicraft workshop owner; the part on the right is the income of the handicraft practitioner. These are generally equivalent and materialized. The price of the commodity must meet the income needed by the handicraft workshop owner and the handicraft practitioner at the same time. class income.”

"Mr. Jiang, please wait a moment."

Zhu Gaoxu looked at this formula and suddenly asked a soul question.

"I feel that wages for the craftsmen must be paid in order to maintain their lives and labor. Even if they are not paid, even slave labor in the Shang and Zhou dynasties still has to give them food to eat. In fact, it is still wages, but you don't have to say 'General equivalent materialization'. But why should the interest rate differential of the handicrafts manufacturer class be included in the commodity price? In other words, why should the demand be so high?"

Jiang Xinghuo was slightly surprised. He didn't expect Zhu Gaoxu to progress so quickly. Based on what he said before, he could actually understand this.

But what worries Jiang Xinghuo even more is that as the second prince of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Gaoxu’s first thought was not to use costless slave labor to lower the cost of goods.

"That's what I just said."

Jiang Xinghuo explained in a calm tone: "Remuneration, even if it is only survival wages, the right part is the necessary expenditure for the production of goods, or the real value contained in the goods."

"In other words, the exchange value of commodities is an undifferentiated labor condensed in commodities."

"—I call it the Labor Theory of Value."

Jiang Xinghuo's eyes were profound. This seemingly inconspicuous statement was the real theoretical basis for igniting the spark in the future.

All he needs to do is keep this spark of fire, and it will surely start a prairie fire in the future!

One generation does what each generation does, even if he personally creates an evil dragon with blood dripping from every pore, but no matter how ferocious the evil dragon is, it is much better than a giant blood-sucking insect that releases paralyzing toxins to everyone.

And he not only created the evil dragon, but also left behind the weapons to slay the dragon.

Of course, Jiang Xinghuo will also design a complete set of systems and theories for future generations to refer to to restrain this evil dragon.

Perhaps the future direction of historical development is beyond his control alone.

But there is no doubt that no matter what the future he creates, at least it will be much better than the "future" he saw in the books in his previous life, which suffered for hundreds of years.

Again, it is better to cut others than to cut yourself.

And as long as we can continue to expand outward, there will always be less suffering internally.

As long as it's less than the world without him, that's enough for Jiang Xinghuo.

What's more, if the day comes that it's time to slay a dragon, the dragon-slaying knife he inherited will definitely shine.

After coming back to his senses, Jiang Xinghuo pointed to the formula on the ground and continued.

"As for the part on the left, the cost of raw materials for manufacturing goods is inevitable, and the interest rate differential required by manual workshops is reflected in 'the same amount of investment requires the same amount of return.'"

"These words are also the reason why I say that it is difficult to form a monopoly in industries with low technical thresholds and high interest margins. Please take a closer look at what they mean."

Under the new crooked neck tree, the three of them began a new round of thinking.

This round, Zheng He's mind moved very quickly, and he quickly understood.

"Mr. Jiang is saying that if the price of goods produced in an industry with low technical threshold and high interest margin reaches or even exceeds the 'equal amount of investment requires an equal amount of return', then there will definitely be a lot of manual workshop owners crowding in."

"Next"

Zhu Gaoxu took over: "Next, a bunch of people crowded in. Because the technical threshold was low, they all started to produce the same product, and there was no way to monopolize it."

Zhuo Jing also twisted his beard and said: "The goods will soon start to lose value. When the goods become worthless and cannot reach or even fall far below the 'equal investment requires equal return', the people who just squeezed in will leave. There is no monopoly at all.”

"Wonderful! Wonderful!"

Zhuo Jing stroked his beard and laughed.

“So, it’s easy to find antitrust solutions.”

Jiang Xinghuo gave his answer.

"All it takes is the imperial court to promulgate an Anti-Monopoly Law. I believe that with the power of the imperial court, it will be impossible for manual workshop owners to break through the restrictions of the Anti-Monopoly Law for hundreds of years."

If it is a country where the handicraft factory owner class is in power, then the so-called anti-monopoly will naturally become "who dares to sue me?"

However, the evolution from an agricultural country to an industrial country does not mean that the political system has also evolved. In fact, this is a relatively lagging process.

In this process that is likely to last for hundreds of years, Jiang Xinghuo has analyzed that the ruling class in the Ming Dynasty is the "new aristocracy" that evolved from the landlord class.

These "new aristocrats" have both industrial and agricultural interests, and control the military and state machinery at the same time. This means that the handicrafts factory owner class is still too weak in front of them, without hundreds of years of development, and it is very difficult to It is difficult to truly enter the stage of power.

During this period, the "Anti-Monopoly Law" led by the "new aristocrats" will certainly be able to restrict monopoly to a great extent.

Of course, if the "new aristocrats" themselves end up creating state monopolies, there will be nothing to say.

But no matter what, Jiang Xinghuo always gave his own response to the doubts raised by Zhuo Jing, a bureaucrat and scholar-bureaucrat from the landlord class, about industrialization.

Moreover, this response method is indeed effective in modern history. It can even be said that as long as it is implemented well, it will not become outdated.

Jiang Xinghuo slowly explained the contents of the Anti-Monopoly Law.

"First, the upstream, midstream and downstream industries in the same industry must not be controlled at the same time, otherwise they will be forced to split up."

"Second, industries with high technological thresholds and high interest margins must achieve full competition."

——————

In the secret room, listening to the sound coming from the loudspeaker wall, the six ministers were finally no longer indifferent.

Why was it so difficult to annex land during the agricultural country era?

The reason lies in what I just mentioned, fields can recycle themselves.

In other words, I find a place to go from sowing to planting to harvesting without leaving the field, completely realizing the self-circulation in this field.

The anti-industrial mergers in the industrial country era were different.

Any industrial product requires upstream and downstream processes.

The court only needs to control the upstream and downstream nodes, and a certain industry will not be able to form a monopoly.

According to Jiang Xinghuo's very convincing theoretical deduction, one can easily draw a conclusion. The instinct of manual factory owners to pursue profit margins will make it difficult to form a monopoly in industries with low technical thresholds and high profit margins.

The imperial court only needs to control high-interest-spread industries with high technological thresholds.

In this way, the things that the court needs to do will undoubtedly be greatly reduced.

"What Jiang Xinghuo said is reasonable and well-founded, and I admire him very much."

Huang Fu's words did not make Zhu Di feel relaxed.

Because he was familiar with Huang Fu and knew very well that the next sentence would definitely not be a good thing.

Sure enough, Huang Fufu spoke again: "Resolving the merger has certainly solved a big problem, but I think there is still one last big problem."

"And the last big problem?"

Hearing this, the back of Zhu Di's head hurt a little.

What Zhu Di wants to do most now is to finish the class quickly.

Obviously, what Jiang Xinghuo wanted to talk about has basically been finished.

Zhu Di couldn't wait to tear down the broken wall on the spot and worship Jiang Xinghuo as his national master.

After all, Zhu Di now wants to carry out reforms in the Ming Dynasty, and he really needs Jiang Xinghuo to centrally plan and design for the Ming Dynasty.

And Huang Fu was still chattering, which made him have a headache.

But Zhu Di also knew that Huang Fu must have good intentions, and it could even be said that he was a qualified minister of the country.

So Zhu Di asked patiently: "What is the last big problem that Huang Shangshu mentioned?"

Huang Fu said with a serious face: "People!"

As soon as these words came out, the expressions of everyone in the secret room changed!

In fact, the ink stains on Guo Jing and Chai Che, two clerks who had been acting as transparent persons, were splashed on their bodies.

Huang Fu's meaning couldn't be more obvious.

Once industrialization begins, how do you control the population?